护坡结构在Mirsarai海岸防护工程中的应用

传统的混凝土或生态型护坡结构均不能兼顾海岸防护对结构防浪消能、耐久性、生态性的需求。针对孟加拉Mirsarai海岸防护工程特点，并经方案比选，采用混凝土块体与生态组合型护坡结构，对其技术质量重难点、典型施工问题、基槽镇脚棱体和坡面块体的防浪稳定性、生态护坡与结构排水进行分析。结果表明，基槽与坡面块体稳定质量满足防浪要求，能够有效抵御汛期海浪冲击；植被生态型护坡利用根系加固土层，控制土粒及下部材料冲刷流失，并兼具生态与景观作用。     

Validation and application of nonlinear hydrodynamics from CFD in an engineering model of a semi-submersible floating wind turbine

Nonlinear hydrodynamics play a significant role in accurate prediction of the dynamic responses of floating wind turbines (FWTs), especially near the resonance frequencies. This study investigates the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to improve an engineering model (based on potential flow theory with Morison-type drag) by modifying the second-order difference-frequency quadratic transfer functions (QTFs) and frequency-dependent added mass and damping for a semi-submersible FWT. The results from the original and modified engineering models are compared to experimental data from decay tests and irregular wave tests. In general, the CFD results based on forced oscillation tests suggest increasing the frequency-depending added mass and damping at low frequencies compared to first order potential flow theory. The modified engineering model predicts natural periods close to the experimental results in decay tests (within 5%), and the underprediction of the damping is reduced compared to the original engineering model. The motions, mooring line tensions and tower-base loads in the low-frequency response to an irregular wave are underestimated using the original engineering model. The additional linear damping increases this underestimation, while the modified QTFs based on CFD simulations of a fixed floater in bichromatic waves result in larger difference-frequency wave loads. The combined modifications give improved agreement with experimental data in terms of damage equivalent loads for the mooring lines and tower base.     

Experimental study on seismic vibration control of an offshore wind turbine with TMD considering soil liquefaction effect

Wind energy is clean and sustainable. Taiwan is establishing offshore wind farms using wind turbines in the Taiwan Strait. However, these are located in an earthquake-prone area with sandy seabed conditions. To ensure their safety and reliability, the turbines’ support structure must be protected against wind, waves, and seismic loads. Tuned mass dampers (TMDs) are commonly employed to reduce structural vibrations. A TMD is more simply incorporated into turbine structures than are other energy dissipation devices. In this study, a 1:25-scale test model with a TMD was constructed and subjected to shaking table tests to experimentally simulate the dynamic behavior of a typical 5-MW wind turbine with a jacket-type support structure and pile foundation. The scaled-down wind turbine model has a nacelle without rotating blades; therefore, the aerodynamic and rotational effects due to the rotating blades were ignored in this study. A large laminar shear box filled with saturated sandy ground was used to simulate the typical seabed conditions of Taiwanese offshore wind farms. The TMD system was designed to be tuned the first-mode frequency of the test model. Two ground accelerations, selected by considering wind farm site condition and near-fault characteristics, were used for excitation in the test. The responses of the test model with and without the TMD system were compared, and the influence of soil liquefaction on the effectiveness of TMD vibration control was addressed.     

气泡混合土抗冻融循环性能试验研究

为解决冻土地区普通路基由于保温性能差导致的路基病害问题，采用保温隔热性能好的气泡混合土作为路基填料，可起到保护冻土、减少病害的作用。为探讨气泡混合土的抗冻性能，选取了不同容重的气泡混合土试件进行冻融循环试验研究，研究气泡混合土质量及强度损失规律，从而获知气泡混合土的容重对其抗冻性能的影响；进而，向气泡混合土试件中掺入玻璃纤维，探讨其对气泡混合土抗冻性能的增强作用。结果表明：气泡混合土的抗冻性能随着容重的增大而提高，表现为容重越大，所能经受的冻融循环次数越多，抗压强度和质量损失率越低；容重为800kg/m3的气泡混合土试件经过15次冻融循环后抗压强度迅速降低，经过100次冻融循环后，试件的质量损失达到9.2%；而容重为1 200kg/m3的气泡混合土试件在经过50次冻融循环后，抗压强度才开始明显降低，经过100次冻融循环后，试件的质量损失只有4.5%。玻璃纤维能显著提高气泡混合土的抗冻性能，其抗压强度损失率和质量损失率明显较未掺纤维的普通气泡混合土要小，且抗压强度和质量损失的速率明显降低；不同容重的气泡混合土试件掺入纤维后，经过50次冻融循环后，试件的抗压强度损失减少50%以上，质量损失减少40%以上。     

市域(郊)铁路信号系统制式比选及建议

基于市域(郊)铁路公交化运营、互联互通运行的功能需求,对现有信号系统制式与市域(郊)铁路的匹配性进行了分析。建议根据市域(郊)铁路运营需求的差异,选择相匹配的市域(郊)铁路信号系统。     

桥梁大体积混凝土施工技术探讨

从原材料选择、合理安排施工进度、养护及施工缝处理等角度分析桥梁大体积混凝土施工技术要点.对同类工程有一定的借鉴意义.     

原油管线在线等质量取样系统设计及实现

为了有效解决原油长输管线反复出现的原油途耗异常问题,通过对原油油种、工艺条件和原油输送方式等的分析,设计了等质量流量比例采样系统,由该系统实现原油管线在线自动取样。系统投用后,实现了实时对量,及时发现损耗异常情况,有效控制了原油途耗不稳定的问题。采用等质量流量比例采样模式,较好地解决了多油种、边收边付、多种输送方式以及流量范围宽等不利因素影响计量的问题,具有较好的参考和推广价值。     

MTMD to increase fatigue life for OWT jacket structures using Powell's method

The Powell's method was developed to determine the optimal stiffness and damping of multi-tuned mass dampers (MTMD) in offshore wind turbine (OWT) support structures under fatigue loads. Numerical examples indicated that the Powell's method results are always better than those using MTMD formulations. With the exception of the blade passing (3P) frequency, it was found in this work that a positive integer (n) multiple of the 3P frequency will also result in a large wind-induced vibration, which can be excited by the frequency of the first structural vertical rotation mode and will cause significant fatigue damage. The first translation mode TMD installed at the tower top is efficient to increase fatigue life at the tower and brace connections, but it cannot reduce fatigue damage at the column and brace connections below the platform. The second translation mode TMD can reduce fatigue damage resulting from large wave loads and thus increase the fatigue life of the braces and columns. The mode-3 TMD with a reduction in the 3(3P) vertical rotation can effectively increase the fatigue life of the braces and columns. Thus, the appropriate use of these TMDs can be effective for the fatigue problem of OWT support structures.     

基于岩体指标和掘进参数的TBM净掘进速率预测模型

净掘进速率是TBM施工速度的主要评价指标,与围岩物理力学性质、TBM掘进参数之间存在一定相关性。文章以兰州水源地建设工程输水隧洞双护盾TBM施工为背景,基于现场实测数据,选择岩石单轴抗压强度、抗拉强度、变形模量、泊松比、岩石耐磨性CAI值等岩体指标,以及刀盘推力和刀盘转速等掘进参数,进行TBM净掘进速率与有关影响参数之间的单因素相关性分析,得到相应拟合公式;基于TBM净掘进速率与岩体指标、掘进参数之间的相关性,利用多元非线性回归方法建立了TBM净掘进速率预测模型。通过将兰州水源地建设工程输水隧洞实测TBM净掘进速率和预测结果进行对比,验证了TBM净掘进速率预测模型的合理性。研究结果表明:(1)在复杂的多种地质条件下,TBM净掘进速率与岩石单轴抗压强度、抗拉强度、变形模量、岩石耐磨性CAI值、刀盘推力以及刀盘转速呈负相关关系,与泊松比呈正相关关系;(2)干湿状态对岩石耐磨性CAI值有一定影响,饱和状态下岩石耐磨性CAI值与TBM净掘进速率之间的相关性更显著;(3)建立的多元非线性回归预测模型,预测精度较高,可为相似地质条件下TBM净掘进速率估算提供参考。     

附加质量对水中平面板振动噪声特性的影响

在结构的生产加工和使用过程中,由于结构设计、施工工艺、使用安装及维修保养等过程中存在种种问题,导致结构的附加质量成为一种普遍存在且无法避免的现象,同时又对主体结构的声振特性存在着较大影响,因此研究附加质量对主体结构振动及噪声特性的影响具有重要的基础意义。以水中平板结构为例,对由不同分布情况的附加质量所引起的水中平面板声-振特性的变化进行数值分析。建立带有附加质量主结构的有限元模型,将其与声流体介质的瑞利积分相互耦合用于求解流固耦合问题,以获得耦合系统的响应。通过模型降阶法求解由附加质量所引起的结构模态参数变异。数值计算结果表明,不同分布情况的附加质量的影响有所不同,对于主结构声振特性的影响随频率的变化而变化。在主结构低频振动时,附加质量的影响主要反映在主结构固有频率和阻尼系数的改变上。